社区复原力理论:基于稳态维持的社区抗灾应急治理框架

Community Resilience Theory:A Framework of Community Emergency Management Based on Steady-state Maintenance

社区的基层属性使其在应对灾害危机中的作用日益显著,如何提升社区风险抵御、灾害适应及稳态恢复的能力和水平成为基层应急治理研究中亟待解决的问题。社区复原力理论为社区应急治理的发展提供了新的理论支持,该理论渊源于生态复原力理论和应激理论,其框架内容包括社区复原力的定义、影响因素、评估框架及提升策略。借鉴社区复原力理论内容及其在美国洛杉矶县和澳大利亚的政策实践经验,基于“过程观”视角,从灾前准备、灾害适应和灾后重建三个维度构建中国社区复原力评估框架体系,基于该框架所涉相关指标,应将加强社区经济建设、推动社区社会组织参与、鼓励社区居民参与、重视灾后心理疏导、建立社区灾害应急准备计划制定制度作为提升中国社区抗灾应急治理水平的五个重要政策抓手。

How to improve the ability and level of risk resistance,disaster adaptation and steady state recovery of community is an urgent problem to be solved in the research of community emergency management.The community resilience theory provides a new theoretical support for the development of community emergency governance.The theory originates from ecological resilience theory and stress theory,and its framework includes the definition,influencing factors,evaluation and improvement strategies of community resilience.Drawing on the theory of community resilience and its policy practice experiences in Los Angeles County of the USA and Australia,based om the perspective of process,a framework system of community resilience evaluation in China is constructed from three dimensions of pre-disaster preparation,disaster adaptation and post-disaster reconstruction.Based on the relevant indicators involved in the framework,we should strengthen the economic construction of community,promote the participation of community social organizations,encourage the participation of community residents,pay attention to the psychological counseling after disaster,and establish the system of community disaster emergency preparedness planning as the five important policies to improve the level of community disaster emergency management in China.