某飞机制造企业职工高血压患病率及其职业噪声暴露对血压的影响

Prevalence of hypertension among employees of an aircraft manufacturing enterprise and the effect of occupational noise exposure on blood pressure

目的分析某飞机制造企业职工健康体检数据,研究职业噪声暴露对工人血压的影响,为噪声暴露工人心血管疾病的防控提供理论依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,收集2015年3~8月某飞机制造企业2097名在岗职工健康状况和噪声暴露情况等信息,深入分析噪声暴露对工人血压的影响。结果职工高血压患病率为36.8%(772/2097),噪声暴露组职工高血压患病率高于非噪声暴露组,差异有统计学意义(39.9%vs.32.9%,χ^(2)=10.935,P=0.001)。噪声暴露组和非噪声暴露组的收缩压分别为(134.34±18.14)和(130.37±18.48)mmHg,舒张压分别为(82.87±13.33)和(81.17±12.81)mmHg,噪声暴露组职工的收缩压和舒张压均高于非噪声暴露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论噪声暴露职业人群高血压患病率高,亟待关注这一特殊群体并开展针对性的一级预防。

Objective To study the effect of occupational noise exposure on employees′blood pressure by analyzing the health examination data of employees in an aircraft manufacturing enterprise,and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in noise-exposed employees.Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to collect information on the health and noise exposure of 2097 employees from an aircraft manufacturing enterprise from March to August 2015,and the impact of noise exposure on employees′blood pressure was analyzed.Results The prevalence of hypertension among employees was 36.8%(772/2097).The prevalence of hypertension among employees in the noise-exposed group was higher than that in the non-noise-exposed group,the difference was statistically significant(39.9%vs.32.9%,χ^(2)=10.935,P=0.001).The systolic blood pressure of the noise-exposed group and the non-noise-exposed group were(134.34±18.14)and(130.37±18.48)mmHg,respectively,and the diastolic blood pressure was(82.87±13.33)and(81.17±12.81)mmHg,respectively.The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the employees in the noise-exposed group were higher than those in the non-noise-exposed group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Noise-exposed employees have a high prevalence of hypertension.The targeted primary prevention on this population should be emphasized.