生产方式的链接:西藏渔村生计变迁研究

A Study on the Causes of Changes in Livelihoods of Fishing Villages in Tibetan

西藏拉萨河畔的俊巴渔村在七十余年中经历生计变迁的三个阶段:第一阶段为"捕捞为主、皮具制作为辅,生计边界明晰";第二阶段为"捕捞、皮具制作、农牧混合的多元生计";第三阶段为"旅游产业、运输业与多种经营共存"。政治经济与资源环境的发展是生计变迁的前提和基础;渔村交换网络贯穿生计变迁始终。多元生产方式的链接与主体选择间的互动使变迁呈现不同形态,是生计变迁的内在动因,社会制度与观念反作用于主体选择,各因素共同作用,促进西藏渔村经济社会发展与转型。

The Junba fishing village on the Lhasa River has experienced three stages of livelihood changes in more than 70 years: the first stage is "fishing, leather goods production supplemented, and the livelihood boundary is clear";the second stage is "multiple livelihoods of fishing, leather goods making, agriculture and animal husbandry";and the third stage is "development of tourism industry and diversified operations". The development of political environment, economic environment and resource environment is the prerequisite and foundation for livelihood changes. The fishing livelihood with exchanging runs through the changes of livelihood, which is an effective supplement to the use of plateau resources. Several factors control the process of transformations: (1)the connections with the methods of production and the continuance of those methods, (2) Individual choice, (3)social structures and culture in local communities.The interaction between connections with the methods of production and individual choices is the internal cause of livelihood changes, and social structures which is influences individual choices. The above reasons jointly promote the economic and social development and transformation of Tibetan fishing villages.