公办园教师对民办园教师形成工资参照的实证分析——以北京市海淀区和朝阳区为例

Empirical Analysis on the Formation of Salary Reference by Teachers in Public Preschools to Teachers in Private Preschools

一直以来,幼教行业内民办园教师工资偏低是业界难题。为解决此困境,2018年中共中央、国务院出台了《关于学前教育深化改革规范发展的若干意见》,明确要求"民办园要参照当地公办园教师工资收入水平"。在公办园用人"双轨制"的当下,民办园教师参照公办园哪类群体(在编教师还是非在编教师)成为政策能否破局的关键,但这在上述文件中并没有体现。本研究利用北京师范大学首都教育经济研究院"北京市学前教育发展报告"课题组对北京市幼儿教师调查所获取的数据和资料,通过自然试验与案例比较的方法发现:在北京市,公办园非在编教师工资对民办园教师工资所形成的参照作用是有条件的,即只有当一个区域内公办园相对不足,民办园基于过度需求的原因出现时,公办园非在编教师的工资才会对民办园教师的工资起到参照作用。基于此,本研究认为政策制定者必须同时考虑到区域内民办园的产生类型和民办园所需参照的公办园中的具体目标群体。

For a long time,preschool education in private preschools teachers wages are lower in the industry is the industry problems,to solve this dilemma,the central committee of the communist party of China in 2018 the State Council issued the several opinions of the development of preschool education to deepen reform specification,file clear requirements“private preschools to reference to local public garden teachers wage income level”,but in the present public garden“double track”of choose and employ persons,private preschools teacher which class reference to public garden group(at teachers or not is writing)becomes the key to policy can be broken,but not reflected in the“comments”.This study used the capital,Beijing normal university education institute“of Beijing preschool education development report”economic research on early childhood teachers survey data of Beijing,found by the method of natural experiment compared with case public garden not at teachers salaries for private garden reference role which is formed by the teachers salaries is conditional:only when an area relatively insufficient public garden,private garden has emerged as the reason of excess demand,public garden not writing teachers will play a reference role for private preschools teacher wages.Based on this,this study argues that policy makers must take into account both the generation types of private parks in the region and the specific target groups of public parks that private parks need to refer to.