国际比较视野下机器人在医疗卫生领域的应用政策研究

Research on the Application Policy in Medical and Health Robots from the Perspective of International Comparison

新冠肺炎疫情的暴发加速了机器人在医疗卫生领域的应用,而中国机器人发展仍处于"婴儿期"。通过对近年来美、日、欧盟、中涉及医疗卫生机器人的相关政策进行比较分析,发现应用政策差异主要体现在机构设立、项目开展、平台建设、法规伦理研究4个方面。研究发现,与美、日、欧盟比较,中国在上述方面存在明显差异:顶层设计过于依赖战略目标和资金支持,忽略人才培养、科技创新等软实力配置,项目审批程序多、速度慢;政策制定中有政府过度参与的迹象,同时医疗大数据管理和数据平台的建设尚处于萌芽期;社会包容性以及相应制度化标准的政策力度不足等。借鉴先进国家和地区的经验,得出对中国发展医疗卫生机器人的启示:政府需要在加强顶层设计、培养人才、面向市场定向开发、大数据平台建立和法规及伦理研究等方向进一步加强探索,抢占新一代机器人的技术制高点,以期实现智慧医疗的愿景。

The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia has accelerated the application of robots in the field of medical and health care,and the development of robots in China is still in"emerging stage".This paper analyzes the relevant policies concerning medical and health robots in the United States,Japan,the European Union,and China in recent years,and finds that compared with the United States,Japan and the EU,China has significant differences in the above aspects,mainly as follows:the top-level design relies too much on strategic objectives and financial support,ignores the soft allocation of power such as talent training and scientific and technological innovation;project approval procedures are numerous and slow;there are signs of excessive government involvement in policy-making,at the same time,medical big data management and data platform construction are still in its infancy;and lack of policies on social inclusiveness and corresponding institutionalized standards.Learning from the experience of advanced countries and regions,China should further promote the development medical and health robots in following aspects:the government needs to further strengthen exploration in the direction of strengthening top-level design,training talents,market-oriented targeted development,big data platform establishment and regulations and ethical research,to seize the technical commanding heights of the new generation of robots,in order to realize the vision of smart medical care.