秸秆还田方式对土壤物理性状及春玉米产量的影响

Effects of returning methods of straw on soil physical property and spring maize yield

为探明不同秸秆还田方式对土壤物理性状及春玉米(Zea mays L.)产量的影响,设4种秸秆还田方式,分别为秸秆不还田(S1,CK)、秸秆混拌还田(S2)、秸秆深翻还田(S3)、秸秆覆盖还田(S4),研究其对土壤容重、孔隙度、水分、温度及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,与秸秆不还田对照相比,秸秆混拌还田使0~20 cm土壤容重下降3.9%,孔隙度增加2.0%,玉米产量增加2.81%;秸秆覆盖还田提高了土壤含水量,但降低了苗期耕层的土壤温度,降低了玉米成穗数、穗粒数及百粒重,使玉米产量减少3.87%;秸秆深翻还田处理增加了20~30 cm的土壤孔隙度,使土壤容重降低5.4%,增加了土壤田间持水量和含水量,提高了玉米成穗数、穗粒数及百粒重,使产量增加8.24%。综合来看,秸秆深翻还田可改善土壤物理性状,提高玉米产量。

The study aimed to find out the effects of different straw returning methods on soil physical properties and spring maize(Zea mays L.)yield.Four straw returning methods were set up:Without straw(S1,CK),spinning straw into the soil(S2),plowing straw deeply into the soil(S3)and covering the field with straw(S4),to study its effects on soil bulk density,soil porosity,soil moisture,soil temperature and maize yield.The results showed that comparing with without straw(CK),the soil bulk density of 0~40 cm layer decreased by 3.9%,the porosity increased by 2.0%,and the maize yield increased by 2.81%under spinning straw into the soil treat⁃ment;The covering field with straw treatment was conducive to improve soil moisture,decreased the soil temperature,maize ear num⁃ber,grains per spike,100-seed weight,and the maize yield decreased by 3.87%.The plowing straw deeply into the soil treatment in⁃creased the soil porosity of 20~30 cm layer,decreased the soil bulk density,increased the field capacity and the soil moisture,in⁃creased the maizeear number,grains per spike,100-seed weight,and the yield increased by 8.24%.Through preliminary study,we found that the plowing straw deeply into the soil can improve soil physical property,and increase maize yield.