法院实施宪法路径的探索与反思

Exploration and Reflection on the Path of the People’s Court to Implement the Constitution

基于20多年来中国关于法院实施宪法路径的探索,初步梳理了三条实施宪法的路径即宪法司法化、合宪性解释与法院援引宪法;通过总结经验得失、反思其中蕴涵的理论与实践问题,为进一步完善法院实施宪法积累智识与实际经验。理论性反思对两个命题作进一步阐明:宪法上确立的宪法解释制度是否意味着立法机关垄断全部宪法解释权?人民法院在审判过程中是否具有解释宪法权?实践性反思则主要针对合宪性解释与法院援引宪法的利弊得失作出评判。只要尊重并承认司法适用性宪法解释的现实与规律,就能够客观公正地对此作出中立评判。

Based on the exploration of the path of the court’s implementation of the Constitution in China over the past 20 years,this paper preliminarily summarizes three paths of the implementation of the Constitution,namely,the judicalization of the Constitution,the constitutional interpretation and the court’s invocation of the Constitution.By summarizing the gains and losses of their experiences and reflecting on the theoretical and practical problems contained in them,we can accumulate intellectual accumulation and practical experience for further perfecting the implementation of the Constitution by the courts.Theoretical reflection further clarifies the two propositions: does the constitutional interpretation system established in the constitution mean that the legislature monopolizes the power of all constitutional interpretation? Do the people’s courts have the power to interpret the Constitution in the process of trial? Practical reflection focuses on the pros and cons of the constitutional interpretation and the court’s invocation of the Constitution.As long as we respect and acknowledge the reality and law of the constitutional interpretation of judicial applicability,we can make a neutral judgment on it objectively and impartially.