数据爬取的刑法规制

Criminal Regulation of Data Crawling

以网络爬虫为代表的现代网络技术在带来数据分享与利用的公开性与便捷性的同时,也不可避免地伴随着技术滥用的风险。对此,"技术中立"的口号亦不能逾越法律的红线。从刑事法的角度,对于爬取数据行为需要从行为的"非法性"与对象的"层次性"两个维度进行规制。对于爬取行为的非法性,需要结合技术原理合理划定计算机的访问权限,并应注意反爬机制的规范目的与善意访问的除罪化;对于爬取数据的层次性,则需要注意数据与信息的层次区分与法益归属,厘清数据安全与信息安全的法益内涵,并对针对复数法益的一次性侵害行为适用想象竞合的原则予以处理。

Modern network technology,represented by web crawler,brings openness and convenience of data sharing and utilization,but also inevitably brings the risk of technology abuse. In this regard,the slogan of "technology neutrality" can not go beyond the red line of the law. From the perspective of criminal law,the behavior of crawling data needs to be regulated from the "illegality"of the behavior and the "hierarchy" of the object. As for the illegality of crawling behavior,it is necessary to reasonably define the access authority of computer based on technical principles,and pay attention to the normative purpose of anti crawling mechanism and decriminalization of bona fide access. For the hierarchical nature of crawling data,we need to pay attention to the hierarchical distinction between data and information and the ownership of legal interests,clarify the legal interests connotation of data security and information security,and apply the principle of imaginative concurrence to deal with the one-time infringement of plural legal interests.