中国历次极地考察航线及破冰船航行特征分析(1984-2019)

Characteristics Analysis on Polar Voyage Routes and Navigation of Chinese Icebreakers(1984-2019)

1984-2019年,中国共有7艘考察船38次远赴南北两极开展科学考察活动,其中南极29航次,北极9航次,累计航程160万km。重点分析了"雪龙"号破冰船的航行特征参数,并结合GPS、机舱、罗经等多源数据,建立了破冰船航行状态分类识别模型,进而研发了破冰船的经停港口和停靠极地站点的识别模型。运用该模型对以往极地考察航次中考察船的经停港口和停靠极地站点进行识别和统计,累计经停了14个国家的32个港口,累计停靠了11个国家的18个极地考察站。探究了考察航线的空间分布规律和考察船的往返路线选择情况,并总结了南极考察船穿越西风带的航迹规律。最后利用分析结果,总结出中国南极科考4个阶段的特征,为未来南极科考提供参考建议。

From 1984 to 2019,7 research ships from China made 38 trips to Antarctica and Arctic to carry out scientific expeditions, including 29 voyages in Antarctic and 9 voyages in Arctic and the cumulative distance of which is 1.6 million kilometers. We focus on the analysis of the navigation cha-racteristic parameters of Xuelong icebreaker, and establish a navigation pattern classification and recognition model of icebreakers based on GPS,engine room, compass and other multi-source data. Then we develop a recognition model to identify the in-port and in-station status of icebreakers. This model is used to identify the in-port and in-station status of research ships on previous polar expeditions. 32 ports of 14 countries and 18 polar stations of 11 countries have been identified so far. We explore the spatial distribution of the voyage routes and the round-trip route selection of research ships, and summarize the route features of Antarctica research ships in crossing the westerlies. The characteristics of four stages of Chinese national Antarctic research expeditions are summarized based on the analysis results, and some suggestions for future Antarctic expeditions are provided.