新中国中小学学制改革:历程、特点与愿景

The Process,Characteristics and Prospects of the Reform of School System in Primary and Secondary Schools Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

中小学学制是整个国家教育制度的重要组成部分。新中国中小学学制改革经历了1951年第一次改革、1958年第一次改革高潮、中小学学制的拨乱反正、“普九”背景下的中小学学制改革、新课程改革背景下的中小学学制改革、深化教育体制机制改革背景下的中小学学制改革六个阶段。改革过程表现出以下特点:改革实践与理论研究相互促进,相得益彰;改革的思想观念和改革模式逐步深化;中小学学制体系和管理模式统一性与多样性相统一。未来中小学学制改革要坚持:守正出新,面向未来;以人民为中心,以问题为导向,实事求是,稳中求进;统筹兼顾,加强立法工作,提供法治保障;积极适应信息技术与教育深度融合的大趋势,使中小学学制更有弹性,更富有活力。

The primary and secondary school system is an important part of the entire national education system.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the reform of primary and secondary school education has experienced six stages:the first school system reform of the People’s Republic of China in 1951,the first climax of the 1958 reform,bring order out of chaos of primary and secondary school education,the reform of primary and secondary school system under the background of“making nine-year compulsory education nationwide”,the reform of primary and secondary school system under the background of the new curriculum,the reform of primary and secondary school system under the background of the deepening of the reform of the educational system and mechanism.In this process,the reform of primary and secondary school system shows that the reform practice and the theoretical research promote each other and complement each other;the ideological concept and reform model of reform gradually deepen;the unity and diversity of the primary and secondary school system and management model are unified.In the future,the reform of the primary and secondary school system should keep inheritance and innovation oriented to the future,put the people at the center and take the problems as the guide,seek truth from facts and make progress in a stable manner,take a balanced approach and strengthen the legislative work and provide the guarantee of the rule of law;actively adapt to the general trend of deep integration of information technology and education,thus to make the primary and secondary school system more flexible and dynamic.