哈密市空气质量特征及其与气象因子的关系

Characteristics of Air Quality and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors in Hami

利用2010—2019年哈密市气象及环境数据,分析了哈密市空气的污染现状、空气质量特征及其与降水、能见度、气温、风速、日照时数等气象因子的相关关系。结果表明:哈密市首要污染物为PM10,空气质量以Ⅱ级(良)为主,近10年空气质量指数呈先增大再减小的单峰型变化,2011年空气质量最好,污染日数最少,之后轻度以上污染日数明显增多,2014年为空气质量最差年;每年AQI最高的为3月和11月,6—9月AQI变化较为平缓,空气质量最好;春季AQI最高,其次为冬季和秋季,夏季AQI最小,空气质量最好,采暖期AQI高于非采暖期,与春、冬季的变化基本一致;AQI与降水、能见度、气温均呈负相关关系,与风速、日照时数、气压呈正相关,在不同季节,相对湿度、能见度均与AQI呈负相关,春、夏、秋三个季节AQI与风速、极大风速呈正相关,冬季则呈负相关,气温、日照时数、气压在不同季节与AQI呈不同的相关性。

Using the meteorological and environmental data of Hami City from 2010 to 2019,the air pollution status,air quality characteristics of Hami City,and its correlation with meteorological factors such as precipitation,visibility,temperature,wind speed,and sunshine hours were analyzed.The results show that the primary pollutant in Hami City is inhalable particulate PM10,and the air quality is mainlyⅡ(good).In recent years,the air quality index has increased and then decreased in a single peak type.Pollution days are the least in 2011,and after the Pollution days with mild pollution has increased obviously.From the perspective of seasonal distribution,the highest AQI index is in March and November each year.From June to September,the AQI index changes more slowly,and the air quality is the best.The AQI index is the highest in spring,followed by winter and autumn,and the lowest in summer.The AQI index in the heating period is higher than that in the non-heating period,which is basically consistent with the changes in spring and winter.AQI index is negatively correlated with precipitation,visibility,and temperature,while it positively correlated with wind speed,sunshine hours,and air pressure.In different seasons,relative humidity and visibility are negatively correlated with AQI index.There is a positive correlation between the AQI index and wind speed and extreme wind speed in spring,summer and autumn,and a negative correlation in winter.The temperature,sunshine hours,and air pressure have different correlations with the AQI index in different seasons.