关于柏林大学创建与洪堡教育观念的历史叙事

The Historical Narrative of Founding of the University of Berlin and Humboldt’s Educational Concept

本文基于从多个历史叙述文本勾勒出的洪堡创办柏林大学的基本史实,批判地分析了对洪堡创办柏林大学历史地位的质疑、“洪堡神话”的构造与解构等历史叙事,指出柏林大学的创建,正是以洪堡为代表的德国有教养的知识阶层,就建立一所体现德意志精神、道德、文化使命的新大学所达成的集体共识和付诸于集体行动的结果。关于洪堡创建柏林大学及其教育观念的各种历史叙事,固然都存在着从部分来构建整体的片面性,反映的却是不同时代德国知识阶层在认知论-政治论两个维度对现代大学价值所进行的建构、反思与批判。

Based on an outline of basic facts about foundation of the Humboldt University of Berlin drawing from multiple historical narrative texts,this article critically analyzes some historical narratives such as suspecting of status and role of Humboldt on establishing the Berlin University,construction and deconstruction of“Humboldt myth”,and points out that the establishment of the Berlin University is the result of collective consensus reached and put into collective action by the educated intellectuals of Germany represented by Humboldt on the establishment of a new university that embodies the German spirit,morality and cultural mission.The various historical narratives about Humboldt’s founding of the University of Berlin and his educational concepts,although all of them are one-sided in constructing the whole from parts,reflect the construction,reflection,and criticism of modern university values in the two dimensions of cognition and politics by German intellectuals in different eras.