作为黄老学人性论的“人情模式”及其秩序

Huang-Lao′s Philosophy Concerning Human Nature:"Qing"and Its Order

黄老学对于人性的讨论主要围绕“人情”概念而展开。黄老学所说的“人情”,既是指人先天具有的自然情感、好恶,“趋利避害”和“自为”的本能,也是指百姓各自不同的智慧、能力,以及人与生俱来的正当的欲望。黄老学相信这些情感、利害、欲望、能力等是人性中最为真实的内容,它正视人性的幽微、复杂,承认人情并没有那么纯粹。对于这些真实情感、利害、欲望等的发现、因循乃至利用,还成为黄老学构建良好政治制度尤其是“法治”和官僚制度的基础。对于黄老学“人情”概念的探究,既展示了黄老哲人对于人本性的独特的构造和看法,也说明了黄老学坚持法律的统治并期望一种制度理性和法律共同体理想的人性根据。

Huang Lao′s philosophy concerning human nature mainly revolves around the concept of"Qing(human feelings)"."Qing"refers to not only the innate natural emotions,likes and dislikes of human beings;the instinct of"seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages"and"self-help",but also the different wisdom and power of the people;the innate and legitimate desires of human.Huang Lao philosophy believes that these emotions,interests,desires and abilities are the most real contents of human nature and it admits the subtleness and complexity of human nature,holding that Qing is not so pure.The discovery,practice and even utilization of those real emotions,advantages and disadvantages,and desires is the basis to build a good political system,especially the"rule of law"and bureaucracy.The exploration of Huang Lao philosophy concerning"Qing",in one respect,reveals the ideas of Huang Lao philosophers on the unique construction of human nature,and in another respect,explains why Huang Lao philosophy adheres to the rule of law and the human basis for the expectation of a kind of ideal of system rationality and law community.