PISA视域下中美物理教材中例习题问题情境的比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Problem Situations of Examples and Exercises in Chinese and American Physics Textbooks from the Perspective of PISA

基于PISA2015科学测评框架构建了初中物理教材例习题问题情境的比较分析模型,包括宏观情境来源类型和微观分析维度(认知需求特征、语境表征特征和科学态度特征)。对中美教材中运动与力部分进行分析,结果表明其总体趋势和分布保持较高的一致性,同时在不同维度下各具特色。启示中学一线教师在例习题教学中应注重情境选取多样化,通过习题教学进行科学态度与思维品质教育。

Based on the PISA2015 scientific evaluation framework,a comparative analysis model of the problem situations of the examples and exercises in junior high school physics textbooks was constructed,including the source types of macrosituations and the dimensions of micro-analysis(cognitive needs characteristics,contextual representation characteristics,and scientific attitude characteristics).After analyzing the movement and force part of Chinese and American textbooks,the results show that its overall trend and distribution maintain a high consistency,and at the same time each has its own characteristics in different dimensions.It is enlightened that firstline teachers in high schools pay attention to the diversification of situation selection in the teaching of examples and exercises,and carry out scientific attitude and thinking quality education through the teaching of exercises.