贵州省兴义市儿童青少年屈光不正流行病学调查分析

Epidemiological investigation of refractive error among adolescents in Xingyi,Guizhou

目的了解贵州省兴义市儿童青少年屈光不正检出率,为近视防控及低视力治疗提供依据。方法本研究采取分层抽样方法抽取贵州省兴义市24所学校共8413人,有效受检7800人,包括幼儿园、小学、初中和高中。采用卡方检验比较性别、地区、年级、民族与不同屈光状态间的差异性。结果贵州省兴义市近视、散光、远视和屈光参差总检出率分别为48.5%、36.7%、1.0%和5.2%,各年级近视、散光检出率呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。女生及城市地区近视、散光检出率高于男生及农村地区(P<0.05)。幼儿园组、初中组和高中组各民族间近视、散光、远视、屈光参差检出率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论贵州省兴义市近视、散光检出率随着入学年份增加呈上升趋势,其中城市地区及女性检出率高于农村地区及男性;汉族、布依族、苗族青少年儿童近视、散光、远视、屈光参差检出率在幼儿园、初中和高中无明显差异。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of refractive errors in children from kindergarten to high school in Xingyi City,Guizhou province,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of myopia and low vision treatment.Methods In this study,8,413 people were selected by multistage cluster sampling method from 24 schools in the minority areas in Xingyi,Guizhou and 7,800 people were effectively examined,including primary schools,middle schools,and high schools.Chi-square tests were used to compare the differences between gender,region,grade,nationality with refractive errors.Results The total detection rates of myopia,astigmatism,hyperopia,and anisometropia were 48.5%,36.7%,1.0%,and 5.2%in Xingyi City,Guizhou province,respectively,and the rates of myopia and astigmatism were on the rise in all grades(P<0.05).The detection rate of myopia and astigmatism in female students and urban areas was higher than that in male students and the rural regions(P<0.05).In the kindergarten group,middle school group,and high school group,there was no significant difference in myopia's detection rate,astigmatism,hyperopia,and anisometropia among different ethnic groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of myopia and astigmatism in Xingyi City,Guizhou province increased with the increase of enrollment year.The detection rate in urban areas and girls was higher than that in rural areas and boys.In kindergarten,middle school,and high school,myopia's detection rate of children in Han nationality,Buyi nationality,and Miao nationality had no noticeable difference.Astigmatism,hyperopia,and anisometric aberration showed the same results.