世界竹筴鱼资源开发现状及其建议

Current situation and suggestions on the exploitation of jack mackerel resources in the world

竹筴鱼是重要的中上层鱼类之一,已经成为世界海洋捕捞渔业的重要组成部分。本研究根据1970—2018年FAO的生产统计数据及其有关文献,对世界竹筴鱼资源开发现状进行分析并提出有关建议。研究认为,1970—1995年间,世界竹筴鱼渔获量呈现稳定的增长趋势,1995年达到历史最高水平,渔获量为791×10^(4) t,之后出现了大幅度的下降。2010—2018年竹筴鱼渔获量处在一个低水平状态,在(297~333)×10^(4) t之间,占总渔获量的比重为3.64%~4.12%。年最高渔获量超过10×10^(4) t的种类主要有智利竹筴鱼、大西洋竹筴鱼、南非竹筴鱼、短线竹筴鱼、日本竹筴鱼、青背竹筴鱼、印度洋竹筴鱼和地中海竹筴鱼等。为了促进世界竹筴鱼渔业的可持续发展,研究提出如下建议:开发竹筴鱼新渔场和新资源;开展竹筴鱼高效生态捕捞与船载加工技术的研究;以国际渔业组织等为平台开展国际合作,开展气候变化与竹筴鱼资源波动以及资源评估与管理策略的研究,提高资源的预测能力。

Jack mackerel is one of the important pelagic fishes and has become an important part of the world marine fishing industry.Based on the production statistics of FAO from 1970 to 2018 and relevant literatures,the present situation of the exploitation of jack mackerel resources in the world was analyzed and some suggestions were put forward.The study found that between 1970 and 1995,the world production of jack mackerel showed a stable growth trend,reaching an all-time high of 7.91 million tons in 1995,followed by a significant decline.Jack mackerel production during 2010—2018 was at a low level,between 2.97 and 3.33 million tons,accounting for 3.64%~4.12%of the total catch.The highest annual yield of more than 10×10^(4) tonnes was recorded for Trachurus murphyi,Trachurus trachurus,Trachurus capensi,Trachurus trecae,Trachurus japonicus,Trachurus declivis,Trachurus indicus and Trachurus mediterraneus,et al.In order to promote the sustainable development of the world s fishing industry of jack mackerel,the study made the following recommendations:Development of new fishing grounds and resources for jack mackerel;International Cooperation,including through international fisheries organizations,on climate change and resource volatility,as well as resource assessment and management strategies for jack mackerel,to improve resource forecasting capabilities.