预见人工智能的未来及其教育影响——以社会性科幻为载体的思想实验

Predicting the Future of Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Education:A Thought Experiment Based on Social Science Fiction

科幻故事是前沿科技未来发展图景的社会性文化投射,是研究未来社会发展的重要素材。以社会性科幻作为思想实验载体,研究从人工智能技术性能和人机交互程度两个维度出发,系统梳理了人机扩展、人机交互、人机融合、人机扩展等四类典型的社会性科幻故事。通过对人工智能应用典型场景的社会性想象,研究揭示出人工智能在促进人类与社会发展上的四种效能:延伸人体身体机能的重要手段、增强人机协同的有效方式、引发智能生产倍增的新型载体、变革社会关系与结构的驱动力。因此,为了顺应人工智能驱动下未来社会发展的趋势,在当下的教育改革中,我们需要把握人工智能驱动下教育系统的核心价值取向,定位创新人才培养的教育目标。在此基础上,聚焦人工智能驱动下教育系统的关键要素,从大规模个性化学习、重塑知识观及教学创新模式、未来教师教育及专业发展等维度,形成实现教育目标的实践路径。最后,需要着眼人工智能驱动下教育系统的结构性变迁,科学治理教育生态系统。

Science fiction is the social and cultural projection of the future development of cutting-edge science and technology,and an important material for the study of social development in the future.Using social science fiction as a thought experiment,this study focuses on artificial intelligence(AI)technology performance and the degree of human-computer interaction,and reviews such typical categories of science fiction as human-computer expansion,human-computer interaction,human-computer fusion,and human-computer joint creation of social life.Through the social imagination of typical scenarios of AI application,the authors reveal four functions of AI in promoting human and social development:an important means to extend the functions of the human body,an effective way to promote human-machine collaboration,a new carrier to trigger the multiplication of intelligent production,and a driving force to transform social relations and structures.Therefore,to follow the trend of the AI-driven future social development,we need to grasp the core value of the AI-driven educational system in the current educational reform,and establish the educational goal of cultivating innovative talents.Based on this,we are supposed to focus on the key elements of the AI-driven educational system,and seek pathways to achieve the educational goal from the perspectives of large-scale personalized learning,the reshaping of a concept of knowledge,the innovation in modes of teaching,future teacher education,and professional development.Finally,we need to focus on the structural changes of the AI-driven education system,and scientifically govern the educational ecosystem.