HIV急性期感染诊断及其预防控制的重要意义

Diagnosis of acute HIV infection and its significance in prevention and control

抗体检测是我国目前普遍使用的艾滋病病毒(Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV)诊断方法,但不能检测出感染早期处于窗口期的感染者,然而,HIV急性期感染阶段病毒的入侵和快速复制使感染者的免疫系统受到急性损伤,传染性增加。尽早发现AHI感染者并对其进行干预和治疗不仅有利于感染者自身的健康恢复,而且对减少二代感染者、节约防治经费等具有重要意义,因此,有必要在重点人群中采用窗口期更短的检测技术来发现急性期感染者并进行干预和治疗。现对HIV急性期感染检测技术在筛查中的应用情况及其在防治工作中的预防控制意义进行综述,以期为HIV急性期感染筛查工作提供参考。

HIV antibody test is commonly used in China to diagnose HIV infection,but it can’t detect people who are in the early stage of infection.However,the invasion and rapid replication of HIV during Acute HIV Infection(AHI)makes acute injury to immune system and increases infected people’s transmissibility.Acute HIV infection detection,in⁃tervention and treatment can not only enhance immunological recovery,but also have great significance to reduce new infections and save the cost of HIV prevention and treatment.It is necessary to adopt shorter window period test to detect AHI cases in HIV Hyper-Endemic population in order to initiate intervention and treatment.The article reviews the application of HIV acute infection tests in screening and its significance in HIV prevention and control,in order to pro⁃vide reference for the future screening of HIV.