广州市大气PM_(2.5)对居民日急救量影响的短期效应

Short-term effect of atmosphere PM_(2.5) on daily emergency of residents in Guangzhou City

目的探讨广州市大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))对居民日急救量的短期影响,为采取有效的干预措施提供数据支持。方法收集2019年广州市居民日急救量数据、大气污染物数据和气象数据,采用广义相加模型(Generalized Additive Model,GAM)分析PM_(2.5)与居民日急救量、呼吸系统日急救量和循环系统日急救量的关系。结果5种大气污染物除O3外,其余均符合GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》污染物浓度限值一级标准。相关性分析显示:PM_(2.5)与日总急救量(r=0.11,P<0.05)、呼吸系统日急救量(r=0.12,P<0.05)和循环系统日急救量(r=0.26,P<0.05)呈正相关,组间比较差异均有统计学意义。模型拟合结果显示:PM_(2.5)于滞后2 d(lag2)对日急救量和呼吸系统日急救量的影响更明显。与温暖季节相比,寒冷季节效果更明显。结论广州市大气PM_(2.5)浓度升高可导致居民日急救量和呼吸系统日急救量增加,尤其在寒冷季节,应采取针对性措施保护易感人群。

Objective To explore the short-term effect of atmosphere PM_(2.5)on daily emergency of residents in Guang⁃zhou City,to provide data support for effective intervention measures.Methods Data of daily emergency and atmo⁃sphere pollutant data and meteorological data of residents in Guangzhou City in 2019 was collected.Generalized Addi⁃tive Model(GAM)was used to analyze the association between PM_(2.5)concentrations and resident,respiratory system daily emergency and circulatory system daily emergency amount.Results Except O3,five kinds of air pollutants met the primary standard of Air Quality Standard(GB 3095-2012).The correlation analysis showed that the total number of emergency visits(r=0.11,P<0.05),respiratory diseases emergency visits(r=0.12,P<0.05)and circulatory system emergency visits(r=0.26,P<0.05)were positively correlated with the concentrations of PM_(2.5).The model fitting re⁃sults showed that PM_(2.5)and 2 days lag had the most significant effect on daily emergency and respiratory system daily emergency.Compared with temperature in the season,there was more significant effect on the cold season.Conclusion The rise of PM_(2.5)concentrations in the air may increase the risk of the total number of emergency visits and the number of respiratory diseases emergency visits.Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to protect vulnerable population,especially in the cold season.