2010—2018年山西省学校结核病流行特征及趋势研究

Tuberculosis epidemiologic characteristics and trend of students in Shanxi Province from 2010 to 2018

目的探索2010—2018年山西省学生活动性肺结核流行特征及趋势,为有效地推动学生结核病防治工作提供科学依据。方法收集整理山西省结核病管理信息系统登记的学生活动性肺结核患者资料,进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2010—2018年山西省学生活动性肺结核共登记12898例,平均登记率为24.98/10万,历年登记率组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)趋势=447.245,P<0.001);男女性别平均比为1.16∶1.00;15岁组学生发病数超过50.00%,第二季度为发病高峰期;以本地户籍学生为主;学生肺结核患者诊断病原学阴性占63.28%,主要发现方式是追踪,占37.52%。学生患者就诊延迟和确诊延误的比例分别为60.06%和21.79%。结论山西省学生结核病总体防控工作进展良好,防控措施落实扎实有效,但依然存在薄弱环节,需要进一步加强新生入学的体检筛查和学校定期卫生督导检查工作。

Objective To explore the epidemiologic characteristics and trend of active tuberculosis of students in Shanxi Province from 2010 to 2018,and to provide scientific basis for the effective prevention and treatment of tuberculosis of students. Methods Collecting the data of active tuberculosis among students from the Infectious Diseases Reporting System(IDRS) in Shanxi Province,and analyzing it by the descriptiveepidemiology method. Results A total of 12 898 cases of active tuberculosis were registered from 2010 to 2018 in Shanxi Province. The average registration rate was24.98/100 000,which showed a decreasing trend year by year (χ^(2)trend=447.245,P<0.001). The sex ratio was 1.16∶1.The number of cases in 15-year-old group was more than 50.00%,and the peak of the incidence was the second quarter. Most of the cases were local registered permanent residence. The proportion of smear-negative tuberculosis accounted for 63.28%,and the main discovery method was the tracing,accounting for 37.52%. The rates of delayed treatment and delayed diagnosis were 60.06% and 21.79%,respectively. Conclusion The overall prevention and control of tuberculosis among students in Shanxi Province has made good progress,which are implemented solidly and effectively.But there is still weak link,indicating that it is necessary to further strengthen school screening and regular health inspection work for freshmen.