民国时期西安居民的饮水问题及其治理

Study on Drinking Water and Improvement in Xi’an City during the Republic of China

居民饮水问题不仅关乎民生,亦是城市公共卫生事业的重要组成部分。西安地处西北内陆,民国时期居民面临的饮水问题主要有饮用水源单一、水量不足、水质不良、饮水不卫生等。政府采取了调整职能部门、健全规章制度、重视饮水消毒、改善基础设施、加强卫生宣传、开挖渠道引水入城、筹办自来水工程等一系列治理措施,但囿于当时的社会环境、经济条件以及饮水观念,西安居民饮水问题持续存在,科学饮水措施并未得到全面有效地执行,亦反映出民国时期西安城市饮水治理的成效不足。

Drinking water was not only related to people’s livelihood, but also an important part of urban public health. Xi’an, as an inland city, was located in the northwest of China. The residents mainly depended on well water during the Republic of China. Water shortage, water quality, drinking water hygiene, waterborne diseases occur frequently became the main problems in this period. The government had adopted a series of measures, such as managing well, water disinfection, strengthen publicity on drinking water sanitation, excavation channel water diversion into the city, preparing for tap water, etc. Limited to the social environment and economic conditions, many scientific measures did not get well. During the Period of the Republic of China, the drinking water and sanitation conditions of Xi’an residents were basically unchanged which showedthe unsatisfactory result of urban drinking water improvement.