劳动价值论与剥削:马克思与科恩之间

The Theory of Value of Labor and Exploitation:Between Marx and Cohen

在政治经济学视阈下,没有科学的劳动价值论为前提,就没有剩余价值理论的合理性,更没有马克思经济学理论大厦的科学性。劳动价值论是求解商品价值问题的一种答案。与其他价值论相区别的是,马克思的劳动价值论是以抽象劳动为价值实体即自然的“物质规定”,以劳动的“私人性”与“社会性”(生产关系)为价值的“本质规定”。作为经济范畴的“价值”是一种“形式规定”,是以上两个方面的统一。科恩对劳动价值论的否定和劳动价值论不构成资本主义剥削的基础都是不合理的。

In the perspective of political economy,without the scientific theory of value of labor as the premise,there will be no rationality of surplus value theory,not to mention the scientificity of Marxist economic theory building. The answer to the problem is the theory of value of labor. Different from other axiology,Marx’s theory of value of labor takes abstract labor as the value entity,that is,the "material provision" of nature,and the "private nature" and "sociality"(production relations) of labor are the "essential provisions" of value. As an economic category,"value" is a kind of "formal stipulation",which is the unity of the above two aspects. It is unreasonable that Cohen’s negation of labor value theory and that the theory of value of labor does not constitute the basis of capitalist exploitation.