西双版纳布朗山不同演替阶段植被的蛛蜂物种多样性研究

Species diversity of Pompilidae in different stages of vegetation succession of Bulang Mountain,Xishuangbanna

为揭示西双版纳布朗山植被恢复过程中处于不同演替阶段的蛛蜂物种多样性及其群落特征与植被恢复程度的关系,并对蛛蜂作为生态环境指示物的作用进行初步探讨,本研究在布朗山天籽生物多样性保护区内采用马氏网、黄盘等诱集法系统调查研究了草丛、稀树草丛、次生林、天然林4类逐步演替生境中的蛛蜂物种多样性及群落特征。共采集到蛛蜂个体2584头,隶属3亚科7族30属121种,其中某类生境特有的蛛蜂有53种,占总物种数的43%。次生林蛛蜂Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高(3.03),天然林次之(2.97),草丛最低(2.43),Pielou均匀度指数与多样性指数趋势一致,Berger-Parker优势度指数则相反。采用Jaccard相似系数进行蛛蜂群落相似性比较,植被演替阶段越相近,蛛蜂群落组成越相似。研究结果表明,蛛蜂物种多样性及其群落特征与植被群落及其演替程度密切相关,随着恢复植被的演替,蛛蜂群落结构趋于复杂,物种多样性增加,各蛛蜂物种的个体数分布越均匀,优势种的优势程度越下降;IndVal指示值分析结果表明:布朗山植被恢复过程中,新沟蛛蜂待定种1 Eopompilus sp.1和新沟蛛蜂待定种3 Eopompilus sp.3可分别作为草丛生境与稀树草丛生境的指示物种,奥沟蛛蜂待定种1 Auplopus sp.1、舟山奥沟蛛蜂Auplopus chusanensis、扁腹沟蛛蜂待定种1 Minagenia sp.1、红股扁腹沟蛛蜂Minagenia fulvifemoralis 4种蛛蜂可作为草丛、稀树草丛、次生林、天然林4类生境变化的监测种。

To reveal the relationship between the species diversity and community characteristics of Pompilidae and the degree of vegetation restoration in different succession stages,and to discuss the function of Pompilidae as an indicator of ecological environment,the Pompilidae communities in four recovery stage forest types(meadow,meadow with few trees,secondary forest and natural forest)were investigated systematically by using the Malaise trap and yellow plate methods in Tianzi biodiversity reserve,Bulang Mountain,Xishuangbanna.A total of 2584 Pompilidae individuals belonging to 3 subfamilies,7 tribes,30 genera and 121 species were collected,among which 53 species were endemic to a certain habitat,accounting for 43%of the total species.The Shannon Wiener diversity index of Pompilidae in secondary forest was the highest(3.03),higher in the natural forest(2.97),and the lowest in the meadow habitats(2.43).The Pielou evenness index was consistent with the trend of the diversity index,while the Berger Parker dominance index was opposite.The Jaccard similarity coefficient was used to compare the similarity of Pompilidae community,whose degree increased with the more similarity of vegetation restoration stage.The results showed that:The species diversity and community characteristics of Pompilidae were closely related to vegetation community and its succession degree.With the succession of vegetation restoration,the community structure of Pompilidae tended to be more complex,the species diversity increased,and the more evenly distributed the individuals of species,the lower dominance of dominant groups.In addition,the results of Indval indicated that Eopopilus sp.1 and Eopopilus sp.3 can be used as indicator species of meadow and meadow with few trees habitats and Auplopus sp.1,Auplopus chusanensis,Minagenia sp.1,Minagenia fulvifemoralis can be used as the monitoring species of four types of habitat(meadow,meadow with few trees,secondary forest and natural forest)changes in the process of vegetation restoration in Bulang Mountain.