我国中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业发展的SWOT分析

SWOT analysis for development of Chinese tuna purse seine fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业是中西太平洋金枪鱼渔业重要组成部分,2018年其年产量占中西太平洋金枪鱼渔业产量的70%。2001年我国进入中西太平洋海域进行围网捕捞金枪鱼,2013之后船队规模稳定在24-29艘,年均产量维持在1.5×10^(5)t-2.5×10^(5)t。中国金枪鱼围网船队为该洋区的主要金枪鱼围网捕捞船队之一。随着中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业的快速发展,如何提高中国中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业的综合能力和竞争优势,是实现中国金枪鱼围网渔业可持续发展所面临的挑战。通过对渔业内外部因素进行SWOT方法分析认为,中国中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业在捕捞船队规模、世界市场需求及国内政府政策等方面存在优势,而在国内市场需求、产业链建设、生产管理力度、产品质量检验等方面依旧存在不足,对此作者就如何继续发挥中国中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业现有优势,弥补当前存在的不足提出以下建议:(1)企业应以互联网为平台,一线城市为突破口,扩大国内外市场;(2)关注国际价格动态,根据国内外市场需求,调整市场份额;(3)加大围网捕捞技术研究力度,提高单船捕捞效率;(4)优化产品结构布局,海陆一体化经营;(5)产品融入企业文化,建立自有品牌;(6)政府、企业与高校应加强合作,丰富创新金枪鱼产品,完善金枪鱼产品口味,满足国人偏好;(7)提升渔船储存能力,注重金枪鱼新鲜程度;(8)提高技术创新能力,保障金枪鱼产品质量,按标准开发金枪鱼产品,提高产品国际竞争力等相应战略建议。

The Western and Central Pacific Ocean(WCPO) tuna purse seine fishery is an important part of the WCPO tuna fishery. In 2008, its annual output accounts for 70% of the tuna fishery in the WCPO. China began to conduct purse seine operation of tuna in the Western and Central Pacific in 2001. After 2013, the number of purse seine vessels main tained in 24-29, with an average annual output of 150,000-250,000 tons. Chinese tuna purse seine fishing fleet is one of the main purse seine fishing fleets in this ocean area. With the rapid development of purse seine fishery of tuna in the WCPO, how to improve the comprehensive ability and competitive advantage of Chinese tuna purse seine fishery in the WCPO is the challenge to realize the sustainable development of tuna purse seine fishery in China. Based on SWOT analysis, this paper believes that Chines e tuna purse seine fishery in the WCPO has advantages in terms of fishing fleet size, world market demand and domestic government policies. However, there are still deficiencies in domestic market demand, industrial chain construction, production and management efforts, product quality inspection and other aspects. Therefore, the following suggestions are proposed on how to continue to give play to the existing advantages of Chinese tuna purse seine fishery in the WCPO and make up for the existing deficiencies:(1) Enterprises should take the Internet as the platform and first-tier cities as the breakthrough point to expand domestic and foreign markets;(2) Pay attention to international price trends and adjust market share according to domestic and foreign market demands;(3) Strengthen the research on purse seine fishing technology to improve the efficiency of single vessel fishing;(4) Optimize product structure layout and integrate land and sea operation;(5) Integrate products into corporate culture and establish private brands;(6) The government, enterprises and universities should strengthen cooperation, enrich and innovate tuna products, improve the taste of tuna products, and meet the preferences of the Chinese people;(7) Improve purse seine capacit y for storing and more emphasis on the freshness of tuna;(8) Improve the ability of technological innovation, ensure tuna product quality, develop standardization tuna products, and improve international competitiveness of the products, and other suggestions.