宅基地、乡村振兴与城市化

Homestead,Rural Revitalization and Urbanization

当前中国正处在快速城市化进程中。城市是中国经济增长极,农村是中国发展稳定器。在城市化背景下实现乡村振兴,关键在于理解乡村振兴的阶段性。目前阶段乡村振兴的主要目标是为无法进城的农民提供基本生产生活秩序的保障,农村成为最广大农民的基本保障和进城农民的最后退路。有一种主张认为,应该通过激活农村宅基地这个“沉睡”的资本,为乡村振兴筹措资金,以建设一个强富美的乡村。至少在目前阶段,这种主张是不合时宜的,因为激活的“沉睡”资本,实际上不可能创造出无缘无故的财富,不过是以农村宅基地为媒介、以城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策为工具,将城市资源转移到了农村;这种转移又因为增减挂钩政策工具的笨拙,造成资源浪费和资源配置的不合理。只有当城市化已经完成,中国走出中等收入阶段,基本实现了现代化,中国的乡村振兴才有条件进入强富美建设阶段。而目前阶段的乡村振兴重点应当集中在为需要继续依托农业农村的两亿多农户提供基本生产生活秩序的保障。

At present,China is in the process of rapid urbanization.Cities are the poles of China's economic growth,and rural areas are the stabilizers of China's development.How to realize rural revitalization in the context of urbanization is the key to understanding the stages of rural revitalization.At the present stage,the main goal of rural revitalization is to provide basic production and living order for farmers who cannot go to cities,and the countryside becomes the basic guarantee for the vast majority of farmers and the last retreat(in the case of returning)for those who have gone to cities.There is an argument that rural revitalization should be financed by awakening the so-called“sleeping”capital of rural homesteads,so as to build a strong and beautiful countryside.At least at this stage,this proposition is inappropriate,because the so-called capital awakening actually is impossible to create wealth for no reason,but with house-site in the countryside the medium and the hook policy of urban and rural construction land increase or decrease as the tool,it does nothing but move to the countryside the city resources,an ineffective transfer,because the increase or decrease hook policy tools are clumsy.It causes serious waste of resources and unreasonable allocation of resources.Only when urbanization has been completed,China has stepped out of the middle-income stage and basically achieved modernization,can China's rural revitalization enter the stage of strengthening the rich and the beautiful.The current stage of rural revitalization should focus on providing basic production and living order guarantee for the more than 200 million rural households who need to continue to rely on agriculture and rural areas.