村民有效自治的资本约束分析——以农地入股合作社的村级响应为例

Analysis of Capital Constraints on the Effective Operation of Village Autonomy:An Example of a Village-level Response to a Farmland-invested Cooperative

村民自治的有效性受制于村庄资本特征。村庄自然资本中的核心要素是农地资源,当农地规模及农地区位引致规模经济效应、公共品和负外部性问题时,村民可能依赖自治处理农业生产中的公共事务。社会资本作为结构性资源嵌入村庄治理逻辑,村民是否有能力自治取决于所在村庄的社会资本状况。村民间紧密的亲熟关系网络以及遵守互惠规范的惯习默契有助于提升村庄的信任水平、激励村民的一致性行为选择,强化村民的自治能力。基于此,村民自治单元应是自然资本特征约束下自然演化的结果,国家权力应以促进村民自治内生性演化为界限。同时地方政府应加强乡村文化振兴,引导村庄精英参与村庄治理,培育村民的自治能力,拓宽村民自治的弹性空间。

The effectiveness of village autonomy is limited by the characteristics of village capital.The core element of the natural capital of the village is the resource of agricultural land.Villagers may rely on autonomy when the size and location of agricultural land leads to the economies of scale,free-riding public goods,and negative externalities.Villagers need autonomy to deal with public affairs issues in agricultural production.Social capital is embedded in the logic of village governance as a structural resource,and the ability of villagers to govern themselves depends on the state of social capital in their villages.The network of close acquaintances and the habit of observing reciprocal norms help to increase the level of trust in the village,motivate the consistent behavioral choices of villagers,and enhance their autonomy.Therefore,the unit of villagers autonomy,i.e.,the unit of villagers collective action,should be the result of natural evolution under the constraints of natural capital characteristics.State power should be bounded by promoting the endogenous evolution of villagers autonomy.The state should help villages cultivate social capital with high trust level through rural cultural revitalization and village governance leadership development to improve villagers autonomy capacity and broaden the flexibility space of villagers autonomy.