纤维微塑料的研究现状及其削减策略

Research progress of fibrous microplastics and mitigation strategies

纤维微塑料是一种重要的微塑料存在形态,对环境生态、人民健康存在极大潜在风险,也对化纤行业绿色可持续发展提出严峻挑战,亟待对其深入了解并提出削减、管控方案。介绍了纤维微塑料的基本概念和研究现状,阐述其主要产生来源,揭示纤维微塑料从织物表面脱落的影响因素,概述了其生态危害及作用对象,归纳整理现阶段针对纤维微塑料污染问题的削减策略。提出应重点发展纺织品循环再生资源化利用技术体系、生物可降解纤维技术体系、纺织品耐污易清洗技术以及强化过滤截留效率等系列技术,为提升化纤行业绿色制造能力提供解决思路。

Fiber-based microplastics(FMPs)is an important form of microplastics,which has great potential risks to the environment,ecology and human health.It also poses a severe challenge to the sustainable development of chemical fiber industry.It is urgent to develop a deep understanding of it and put forward reduction and control schemes.This paper introduced the basic concept of fiber-based microplastics,expounded its main sources,revealed the influencing factors of fiber microplastics falling off from the fabric surface,summarized its ecological hazards and objects,and proposed the reduction strategies for fiber microplastics pollution at the present stage.A series of measures were provoked to focus on the development of the technology system of recycling and recycling of textiles,the technology system of biodegradable fibers,the technology of pollution resistance and easy-cleaning of textiles,and the enhancement of filtration interception efficiency.In order to reduce the ecological hazards brought by the development of China′s chemical fiber and textile industry and to improve the green manufacturing capacity of the chemical fiber industry,the structural and functional design of fiber and textile,household washing and sewage treatment devices are taken as the starting points.