室外高温环境下通风服装的传热模型与实验研究

Heat transfer modeling and experimental research of ventilation clothing in high-temperature outdoor environment

为提高夏季室外高温日晒环境下作业人员的热舒适性,对人体、服装与环境之间传热过程进行分析,以此作为针对性降温方式的理论基础建立了通风服装在室外高温日晒环境下的传热模型,并采用真人实验的方法验证了该传热模型;分析了送风后衣下空间空气参数及人体主观反映的改变。结果表明:采用该模型计算得到的人体得热量与失热量误差仅为9.1%,人体表面温度在10 min左右趋于稳定;给衣下空间送入处理后的冷空气时,衣下空间内空气温湿度均比未通风时低,强迫对流的存在大大地提高了体表汗液蒸发速率,人体主观热感觉与皮肤湿润感得到明显改善。

In order to improve the thermal comfort of workers in the high-temperature outdoor environment in summer,the heat transfer process between the clothing and the environment in the high-temperature outdoor environment was analyzed.Through the analysis on the heat transfer process among the human body,clothing and the environment,a heat transfer model of ventilated clothing in high-temperature outdoor environment exposed to the sunlight was established,which was validated through a human subjects experiment,where the ventilation clothing is analyzed for changes in underclothing space air parameters and in subjective reflections of the human subjects.The results show that the errors in heat gain and heat loss obtained using the model are only 9.1%compared to the experimental results,and the surface temperature of the body stabilizes in about 10 min.When the cooled air is supplied into the under clothing space,the temperature and humidity of the air in the space under clothing are lower than that not ventilated.The existence of forced convection greatly increases the evaporation rate of sweat on the body surface,and the subjective heat and skin moistness are significantly improved.