滇东南传统村落时空分布及多因素作用机制研究

Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Multi Factor Mechanism of Traditional Villages in Southeast Yunnan

运用ArcGIS空间分析工具和地理探测器,对滇东南地区144个传统村落时空分布格局和多元影响因素进行分析。结果表明:滇东南传统村落为聚集分布,县市间呈现不均衡性,整体为“一核-两片-散点”格局,存在低低(L-L)聚集和高高(H-H)聚集状态,有明显的冷热点分区;滇东南传统村落在元代及以前基本奠定了分布范围,明清新增数量较多,清代开始向东部扩张,民国时期和建国后新增减少;自然环境、社会经济和民族文化是影响滇东南传统村落时空分布格局及演变的重要因素,土壤类型、人均GDP、人口密度、高程、年均温、降水量、路网密度等要素交互作用会增强对传统村落时空分布格局的影响。

This study used ArcGIS spatial analysis tools and geographic detectors to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution patterns and multiple influencing factors of 144 traditional villages in southeastern Yunnan.The results show that the traditional villages in southeastern Yunnan are aggregated and unbalanced among counties and cities,with an overall pattern of′one core-two patches-scattered spots′.There are low-low(L-L)aggregation and high-high(H-H)aggregation,as well as obvious cold and hot spots.The traditional villages in southeastern Yunnan basically established the distribution range in and before the Yuan Dynasty.The number of new villages increased in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,began to expand to the east in the Qing Dynasty,and decreased during the Republic of China and after the founding of the People′s Republic of China.Natural environment,social economy and national culture are important factors affecting the temporal and spatial distribution pattern and evolution of traditional villages in southeastern Yunnan.The interaction of soil type,per capita GDP,population density,elevation,average annual temperature,precipitation and road network density will enhance the impact on the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of traditional villages.