甘山胡桃楸群落乔木层物种生态位研究

Ecological Niche of Species in Tree Layer of Juglans Mandshurica Community in Ganshan

通过样方法对甘山国家森林公园内的胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)群落进行调查,利用生态位相关指数探究14个种群在群落中的地位和关系。结果表明,胡桃楸、栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandschurica)的生态位宽度较大,Bi分别为0.6949、0.6000、0.5963,Ba分别为0.9771、0.7409、0.7232,锐齿槲栎(Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata)的生态位宽度最小,Bi和Ba分别为0.2841、0.2143,两种生态位测度表现基本一致。生态位相似性比例最大的是生态位宽度均较小的君迁子(Diospyros lotus)和楸树(Catalpa bungei),C_(ih)为0.9988,说明生态位相似比例与生态位宽度没有必然的联系。群落中的优势树种胡桃楸与其他物种的生态位重叠相对较高,C_(ih)平均在0.7以上,说明胡桃楸与其他树种对资源的需求相似或对生境因子存在互补性,整体上胡桃楸群落乔木层种群间的生态位重叠相对较高,种群间具有潜在的竞争性。该研究分析了甘山国家森林公园内胡桃楸群落的特征结构,为后期胡桃楸群落的保护与利用提供了理论依据。

The Juglans mandshurica community in Ganshan national forest park was investigated by sample method,and the correlation index of ecological niche was used to explore the position and relationship of 14 species in community.The results indicated that the niche breadths of Juglans mandshurica,Quercus variabilis and Fraxinus mandschurica were relatively larger,with Levins niche breadth values(Bi)being 0.6949,0.6000,0.5963,respectively,Hurlbert niche breadth values(Ba)being 0.9771,0.7409,0.7232,while the niche breadth of Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata was smallest,with Bi value being 0.2841 and Ba value being 0.2143,the two niche measure are basically the same.The largest niche similarity(C_(ih))are between Diospyros lotus and Catalpa bungei,C_(ih) being 0.9988,while the both species have smaller niche breadth,indicating that the niche similarity is not necessarity related to the niche breadth.The nicheoverlap between the dominat species Juglans mandshurica and other species in the community is relatively high,C_(ih) average above 0.7,indicating that the Juglans mandshurica and other species have similar demand for resources or complementarity with habitat factors.In general,the niche overlap between tree layer species in the Juglans mandshurica community is relatively high,and there is potential competition among the species.This study analyzed the characteristic structure of Juglans mandshurica community in Ganshan national forest park,and provided theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of Juglans mandshurica community in the later period.