面向非连续多去除量的城轨底架滑槽加工优化

Optimization of machining time of urban rail chassis chute based on multiple removal amount at different machining positions

结合中车长客铝合金城轨底架滑槽的多去除量铣削加工,在使用数控铣床进行工件加工时,存在刀具走刀行程长、加工时间多及加工效率低的缺点,因此提出应用智能算法对刀具空走刀时间进行优化。该问题可以看作是典型NP-hard的旅行商问题,通过建立数学模型并采用遗传算法求解。首先,对初始种群进行锦标赛选择;之后,通过部分映射交叉与插入变异操作,实现对滑槽加工的刀具空走刀时间的优化。通过滑槽铣削加工的实例,与按坐标顺序进行滑槽铣削加工和按基于就近加工点启发式规则法进行滑槽铣削加工的空走刀时间进行对比,采用的遗传算法能够很好地缩短滑槽铣削加工过程的刀具空走刀时间。在长客实际加工过程中,采用此遗传算法进行刀具路径规划能够提高城轨底架滑槽的加工效率。

Multiple removal amount of the chassis chute of the aluminum alloy urban rail car body of CRRC,when the workpiece is processed by CNC milling machine,there are some disadvantages such as long cutting stroke,long processing time and low processing efficiency.The optimization of tooling time for the machining of the undercarriage of the urban car body was proposed,which can be regarded as a typical NP-hard traveling salesman problem,solved by establishing a mathematical model and combining the genetic algorithm.First by selecting the initial population and then passing the partial mapping crossover and insertion variability operations the tooling time for chute machining was optimized.Combining with the example of chute milling,the comparison between chute milling in coordinate order and chute milling in accordance with heuristic rules based on proximity processing points shows that the genetic algorithm adopted can well shorten the tooling time in the process of chute milling.In the actual machining process of Changchun Rail Passenger Car Co.,Ltd.,the application of this genetic algorithm to tool path planning can improve the processing efficiency of urban rail chassis chute.