光绪年间牛痘术徽宁推广官方赞助研究

On the Popularization for Official Sponsoring of Vaccinia in Huining During Guangxu Period

明清时期是安徽传染病学对外交流最为活跃且成果最为显著的历史时期,天花防治技术的对外交流是其中非常耀眼的部分。光绪年间,在太平天国运动以来前所未有的人口恢复压力和严峻疫情及西方牛痘术表现出的显著效果面前,人痘术源地与首善之区的徽宁地区的官员表现出较为务实而开明的文化交流姿态,通过设立牛痘局在免费施种牛痘的同时提供免费的牛痘施种技术培训、以律法手段为社会慈善机构中增加施种牛痘业务提供制度性的经济保障等举措,有力助推了西方医学中由中国人痘术改良而成的牛痘术在徽宁地区的传播,为新安医学所在的徽宁地区的天花预防事业作出了历史性贡献,在安徽传染病学对外交流史上留下了浓墨重彩的一笔。

The Ming and Qing Dynasties are the most active and the most significant historical period in Anhui’s infectious diseases foreign exchanges.The foreign exchange of technologies to prevent smallpox is the most dazzling part.During the Guangxu period,in the face of the unprecedented population recovery pressure and severe epidemic since the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the remarkable effect of Western cowpox surgery,officials in Huining District,the source of human pox surgery and the first good area,show a more pragmatic and enlightened posture of culture exchanges.Through the establishment of the Vaccinia Bureau to provide free vaccinia,at the same time,provide free vaccinia technical training,and legal means to provide institutional economic guarantees for the increase of vaccinia in social charities,which has greatly promoted the development of Western medicine,The spread of vaccinia,modified from Chinese pox,in Huining has made a historic contribution to smallpox prevention in Huining,where Xin’an Medical is located,and has left a strong mark in the history of foreign exchanges in Anhui’s infectious diseases.