土地整治的减贫效应及其传导机制研究

Study on Poverty Reduction Effect of Land Rearrangement and Its Transmission Mechanism

在精准扶贫战略实施背景下,土地整治作为土地利用融入扶贫开发工作的重要手段,成为扶贫开发的创新方式之一,也是巩固脱贫成果的重要法宝。基于2005~2018年中国省际面板数据,实证检验土地整治对贫困治理的影响,并从整治模式差异化视角探究土地整治减贫的内在机制。结果表明,土地整治整体上有利于区域贫困治理。全国层面上,土地整理模式对减贫影响最大,减贫效应为-0.062;区域层面上,土地整理模式对东部地区减贫效应最大,减贫效应为-0.087,土地复垦模式对中部地区减贫效应最大,减贫效应为-0.008,土地开发模式对西部地区减贫效应最大,减贫效应为-0.010。进一步研究发现,土地整治的减贫效应传导路径与其三种模式密切相关,可通过增加土地数量、提高土地质量和发挥土地生态效应实现,表现为多条影响路径,其中通过提升土地资源质量实现减贫的解释力度最大(36%),其次为土地资源数量保障(29%)、土地生态效应(16.667%)。最后依据土地整治减贫效应及其传导机制的区域差异特征提出针对性的贫困治理建议。

Under the background of the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation strategy,land rearrangement,as an important means of integrating land use into poverty alleviation and development,had become one of the innovative ways of poverty alleviation and development,and also an important magic weapon to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation.Based on the data of China's inter-provincial panel from 2005 to 2018,the influence of land rearrangement on poverty management was empirically tested,and the inherent mechanism of land rearrangement and poverty alleviation was explored from the perspective of the differentiation of land rearrangement models.The empirical results showed that land rearrangement was beneficial to regional poverty management as a whole,and at the national level,the land consolidation model had the greatest impact on poverty alleviation.At the regional level,the land consolidation model had the greatest effect on poverty reduction in the eastern region,the poverty reduction effect was-0.087,the land reclamation mode had the greatest effect on the central region,the poverty reduction effect was-0.008,the land development model had the greatest effect on the western region,and the poverty reduction effect was-0.010.Further research found that the transmission path of land rearrangement was closely related to the three modes of land rearrangement,which could be achieved by increasing the quantity of land,improving land quality and exerting the ecological effect of land,which was manifested in several impact paths,in which land rearrangement was the most effective explanation for poverty reduction through the improvement of land resource quality was 36%,Second,land resources quantity security was 29%,and land ecological effect was 16.667%.Finally,based on the regional difference characteristics of land rearrangement and poverty reduction effect and its transmission mechanism,targeted poverty management recommendations were put forward.