浅层地下水砷对地表环境变化的响应:研究现状与未来

Response of Arsenic in Shallow Groundwater to the Changes of Surface Environment:Research Status and Perspectives

地下水砷暴露是人类的一大环境健康灾难,地下水砷既受地质因素、地下水文条件和地下水地球化学特征影响,也受地表环境变化影响。综述了农业灌溉、农业用地、气候变化等地表环境变化改变地下水文条件、地下水地球化学性质等引起地下水砷变化的影响机制。基于这些研究成果,提出地下水砷对农业活动的响应机制;着重研究地下水砷时空变化对种植作物类型尤其是物质输入类型,对灌溉模式包括灌溉水源和耕地类型,以及对耕地、园地、林地、草地和水域等农业用地类型的响应机制。地下水砷变化对气候变化的响应方面,着重研究地下水砷的长期变化趋势和影响机制,地下水砷变化对气候变化的时空响应机制,以及地下水砷在未来地表环境变化情景下的时空变化趋势模拟。

Exposure to arsenic in drinking groundwater is one of greatest environmental health disaster for mankind.Arsenic in groundwater is not only affected by geogenic factors,hydrological condition and geochemical characteristics of groundwater,but also influenced by surface environmental changes such as agricultural irrigation,agricultural land and climate changes.This paper com-prehensively reviewed the literature and evaluated the scientific knowledge on the mechanisms of surface environmental changes,in-cluding agricultural irrigation,agricultural land utilization and climate change,impacted on the changes of arsenic in groundwater.According to the research status,the additional research areas in future were identified.The response mechanisms of arsenic in groundwater on agricultural activities could be concerned on the responding mechanisms of spatial and temporal changes of ground-water arsenic to plant crop types especially material input types,irrigation mode including irrigation water source and cultivated land type,and agricultural land types such as cultivated land,garden land,woodland,grassland and water area.The response mechanisms of arsenic in groundwater on climate change could be focused on the long-term changing trend and influencing mechanism of arsenic in groundwater,temporal and spatial responding mechanism of arsenic in groundwater to climate change,and the simulation of the changes about temporal and spatial distributions of arsenic in groundwater under different future surface environmental scenario.