清华简《筮法》与“爻”的本义——兼论《周易》的“彖”和《筮法》的“屯”

A Research on the Original Meaning of Yao in Shifa and the Relationship Between Tuan in Zhouyi and Chun in Shifa

清华简《筮法》中的"肴"是对"四""五""八""九"四个非常见筮数的称呼,其本义是"混淆",指"四""五""八""九"四个非常见筮数混淆在筮数"六""七"中。同样,《周易》中的"爻"也是强调"道之变动",是"效天下之动者","爻"的含义并非是指从筮数"七""八"抽象化而来的阴阳符号,而是对筮数"六""九"两个变爻的特指。清华简《筮法》中,阴阳符号由筮数"六""七"代表,由纯粹的阴阳符号组成的乾坤二卦称为"屯(纯)";而在《周易》中,筮数"七""八"抽象而来的阴阳符号称为"彖","彖"的内涵应该就是来源于"屯(纯)",义为不杂、不变。

Yao爻in Shifa筮法refers to four numbers:four,five,eight and nine.The original meaning of yao is“confusion”,representing these four rarely-seen numbers mixed with six and seven,which stands for order and purity.This rule also applies to Zhouyi周易,in which yao means the change of Dao道and imitates the motion of nature,referring to the numbers six and nine as variations in hexagrams,instead of the numbers seven and eight as abstract symbols of yin阴and yang阳.In Shifa,yin and yang are represented by six and seven,and the hexagrams consisted of purely yin or yang are named chun屯.In Zhouyi,likewise,the yin or yang symbols extracted from the numbers seven and eight are called tuan彖,the character of which is probably a loan and its meaning is derived from chun,which is“not to mix”or“not to change”.