21世纪以来英国研究生教育结构的变化及启示

The Changes and Enlightenment of the Postgraduate Education Structure in the UK since the 21^(st) Century

通过分析21世纪以来英国研究生教育结构的变化,发现英国在学位类型结构上教学型研究生规模发展迅速,研究型研究生规模相对平稳增长;在层次结构上硕博研究生规模均显著扩大,且硕博比例趋于稳定;在学习形式结构上全日制研究生规模显著扩大,非全日制研究生规模呈下降趋势;在学科结构上各学科群研究生规模变化显著,不同学科群之间存在较大差异。我国应立足经济社会发展需求,以专业学位作为我国研究生教育的主导类型;稳步加大非全日制研究生的培养力度,推进学习型社会建设;及时调整研究生教育学科结构,使之与我国经济结构和就业结构相适配。

Through the analysis of the changes in the structure of postgraduate education in the UK since the 21st century,the authors find that in terms of the structure of degree types,the scale of teaching-oriented postgraduates develops rapidly,while the scale of research postgraduates grows relatively stable.In terms of the hierarchical structure,the scales of postgraduates and doctoral students have expanded significantly,and the proportion of postgraduates and doctoral students tends to be stable.In terms of formal structure of learning,the scale of full-time postgraduates increases significantly,while the scale of part-time postgraduates is in a trend of decline.In terms of discipline structure,the scales of postgraduates in different disciplines change obviously and noticeable differences among different disciplines appear.This paper proposes that China should,based on the needs of economic and social development,prioritize professional degree postgraduate education as the dominant type in postgraduate education;steadily strengthen the training of part-time postgraduates to promote the construction of a learning-oriented society;and adjust the discipline structure of postgraduate education in time to make it fit to the economic structure and employment structure in China.