水环境中微囊藻毒素分析技术新进展

Recent Progress in Determination of Microcystins in Aquatic Environments

微囊藻毒素是常见的蓝藻毒素,具有很强的肝脏神经系统和肾脏毒性.由于水的富营养化,蓝藻会爆发产生大量的微囊藻毒素,进而对水生生物和食用它们的人类构成巨大威胁.随着浓缩、富集、分离方法和仪器技术的进步,定量分析微囊藻毒素的方法也在不断进步,且应用越来越广泛.综述了水、沉积物和生物中微囊藻毒素的富集和检测方法,结果显示:目前常见的采样方法是主动采样法,开发简便可靠和实用的被动采样方法是急需的研究方向之一.衍生化方法可以降低基质效应,有利于使用不同的检测方法和试验观察,因此开发一种高效、灵敏的衍生化方法检测微囊藻毒素将是重要的研究方向之一.

Microcystins are common cyanobacterial toxins with strong toxicity to renal and hepatic nervous system.Due to the eutrophication of water,cyanobacteria will burst and produce large amounts of microcystins,posing a huge menace to aquatic organisms and people who eat them.With the advance of methods concentration and enrichment,separation and quantification,and instrument technology,quantitative methods for microcystins analysis have been improved and applied more and more widely.In the present study,the enrichment,detection and analysis methods of microcystins in water,sediments and organisms are reviewed.The results showed that the current common sampling method is an active sampling method.So the development of a simple,reliable and practical passive sampling method is one of the urgently needed research directions.Derivatizing method can reduce matrix effect and is conducive to the use of different detection methods and experimental observation.Therefore,the development of an efficient and sensitive derivatizing method for the detection of microcystins would be one of the important research methods.