我国央行数字货币发行的法律问题与对策研究

On the Legal Issues and Countermeasures of the Digital Currency Issuance by China’s Central Bank

与传统货币相比,央行数字货币在货币支付、清算与结算、金融普惠等方面具有明显优势。由于尚无健全的法定数字货币法律框架且缺乏统一的国际监管规则,我国央行数字货币发行面临法律依据、法律属性、跨境流通(支付、结算、清算)等方面的法律问题。我国应积极参与数字货币国际规则的制定,并以此为契机推进新型国际货币金融体系建设;加强与国际法主体的合作,携手打击数字货币国际犯罪,形成有效的国际监管体系;通过签署货币互换协议、抓住排异管理的核心,破解央行数字货币跨境流通中面临的支付、结算、清算等法律障碍,保障我国央行数字货币的跨境流通。同时,应在立法上明确我国央行数字货币的法律属性,建立和完善符合其特性的跨境支付、清算、结算的法律制度,促进科技监管和法律监管的融合。

Compared with traditional currencies,the China’s central bank’s digital cash(DCEP)has outstanding advantages in currency payment,clearing and settlement,and financial inclusion.Due to the lack of a sound legal framework for legal digital currency and the lack of unified international regulatory rules,the issuance of digital currency by China’s central bank is faced with legal basis,legal properties,cross-border circulation(payment,settlement,clearing)and other legal issues.In this regard,at the international level,it is suggested that China actively participate in the formulation of international rules in digital cash and take digital cash as an opportunity to promote the establishment of a new international monetary and financial system;Strengthen cooperation with international law subjects,join hands to combat international crimes in digital cash,and form an effective international supervision system;By signing the currency swap agreement and grasping the core of exclusion management,we can break the legal obstacles of payment,settlement and liquidation in the cross-border circulation of DCEP and ensure the free cross-border circulation of DCEP.At the domestic level,it is suggested that China should clarify the legal attributes of DCEP in legislation,establish and improve the legal system of cross-border payment,liquidation and settlement that conforms to the particularity of DCEP,and promote the integration of regulatory technology and regulatory law.