社会融合对流动人口家庭化的影响——基于中国流动人口动态监测的实证研究

The Impact of Social Integration on theFamilyization of the Floating Population:An Empirical Study Based on the Monitoring Dynamic of China’s Floating Population

本文通过数据分析和实地调研发现,流动人口正呈现家庭化流动的趋势,其中家庭规模以3人户、4人户为主,家庭代数以一代户、二代户为主,三代户占比有所上升,核心家庭式流动成为主流。对流动人口社会融合从三个维度进行分析:经济整合方面,流动人口是家庭收入的主要贡献者,城镇医疗保险参与率较低;行为适应方面,流动人口的社会组织和社会活动参与状况较差,存在内卷化;身份认同方面,流动人口融合意愿较高,但遭受到一定程度的社会排斥。通过模型分析发现,流动人口家庭化流动与社会融合有着密切的关系,流动人口家庭收入水平、社会活动参与、融入意愿等因素的提高有助于家庭化流动,但城镇医疗保险参与、社会组织参与会负向影响家庭化流动。因此,要在户籍制度改革、公共服务覆盖、家庭政策设计、社会融合治理方面有所突破。

Through data analysis and field research, this paper finds that the floating population is showing a trend of family-oriented mobility, in which family size is dominated by 3-person and 4-person households, the number of family generations is dominated by one-generation and two-generation households, the proportion of three-generation households has increased, and nuclear family-type mobility has become mainstream. The social integration of the floating population is analyzed in three dimensions: in terms of economic integration, the floating population is the main contributor to household income and has a low participation rate in urban health insurance;in terms of behavioral adaptation, the floating population has a poor state of participation in social organizations and social activities, and there is introversion;in terms of identity, the floating population has a high willingness to integrate but suffers from a certain degree of social exclusion. The model analysis reveals that there is a close relationship between family-oriented mobility and social integration of the floating population;the improvement of the floating population’s family income level, participation in social activities and willingness to integrate contribute to family-oriented mobility, but urban health insurance participation and social organization participation will negatively affect family-oriented mobility. Therefore, breakthroughs in household registration system reform, public service coverage, family policy design, and social integration governance are needed.