国民政府审判日本战犯法庭的置废与变更

The National Government's Establishment,Abolishment and Changes of the Court for the Trial of Japanese War Criminals

抗战胜利后,国民政府设立了10个军事法庭审判日本战犯。在审判的筹备和运行中,这些法庭的名称和实体都曾发生变化。最初,国民政府设想在全国设置15个军事法庭,然而,由于逮捕战犯工作频频受挫,最终导致5个法庭被撤销。为提高东北地区处置战犯的效率,国民政府两次作出增设长春法庭的尝试,后因受到内战的影响而作罢。上海法庭从设立之初便为南京国防部军事法庭分担工作,在此过程中,两者的职能不断趋近,最终被合而为一。军事法庭周折翻覆的置废、变更,拉低了审判的效率,反映了国民政府对审判战犯等战后遗留问题的乏力与无奈。

The National Government established 10 military courts after the War of Resistance against Japan to try Japanese war criminals.During the preparation and operation of the trials,the names and entities of these courts changed.The National Government originally planned to establish 15 military courts across the country.However,due to frequent setbacks in arresting war criminals,5 courts were eventually cancelled.To improve the efficiency of handling war criminals in Northeast China,the National Government made two attempts to add Changchun Court,yet these attempts had to be dropped due to the civil war.Since the beginning of its establishment,the Shanghai Tribunal was sharing the work for the Military Tribunal of the Ministry of National Defense in Nanjing,and during this process,these two tribunals gradually had quite similar functions and finally merged into one.The establishment,abolishment and changes of military courts reduced the efficiency of trials,reflecting the National Government's weakness and helplessness in dealing with postwar issues such as the trial of war criminals.