科学教育中的科学绘画

Scientific drawing in science education

科学绘画是科学学习者通过绘制图画和符号来观察记录、设计思考、建构认知和表达交流的一种活动。科学绘画的心理学基础包括多元智能理论、信息加工理论和生成学习理论等。根据形式的不同,科学绘画可以分为科学数据图、描绘图、设计图、思维图等不同类型,描述内容主要包括事物的“特征与结构”“过程”和“关系”。科学绘画的合理使用能够促进学生的科学学习和教师的科学教学,并为科学教育研究提供新的可能性。要使科学绘画成为科学教学的有效途径和教育研究的有效工具,应该注意其使用策略,合理发挥其功能特点,使其成为传统教学方式和研究工具的有益补充。

Scientific drawing is a kind of science learning activity in which learners record,design,think,comprehend,and communicate science contents by drawing pictures and symbols.The rationale for drawing to learn in science isbased on psychological theories,including the theory of multi-intelligence,the theory of information processing,and the theory of generating learning.According to its′difference in forms,scientific drawing can be divided into graphs,representational drawing,design sketch,and mind/concept map.different scientific content,such as structures or features,processes,and relationships,can be depicted and explored via it.The rational use of scientific drawing can help students to learn science better,and facilitate the teaching of science teachers and research in science education.In order to make scientific drawing a more effective tool for science teaching and educational research,we should pay attention to its using strategies so that it can be a beneficial complement to traditional teaching methods and research tools.