卵黄多肽的工业化制备及脱色工艺研究

Industrial production and decolorization of egg yolk polypeptides

以脱脂蛋黄粉为原料研究卵黄多肽(egg yolk peptides,EYPs)的工业化生产工艺。首先探究了加热处理、超声处理以及粉碎处理等不同预处理方式对EYPs得率的影响,进一步以多肽回收率和脱色率为指标对脱色剂种类、添加量、脱色时间、pH、温度等卵黄多肽脱色工艺进行优化,最后对卵黄多肽产品氨基酸组成、肽段分布、水分及灰分等特性进行分析。结果表明,对脱脂蛋黄粉进行粉碎预处理,可以显著提高EYPs得率,得率为72.6%;综合考虑脱色率和多肽回收率,最佳脱色工艺为:7号活性炭添加量10 g/L,pH 4.3,脱色温度50℃,脱色时间30 min,此时脱色率为72.34%,多肽回收率为84.76%。该工艺制得的卵黄多肽产品氨基酸组成均衡、肽段分子质量适合人体吸收,具有工业化应用前景,可有效提高低值脱脂蛋黄粉的产品附加值,拓宽蛋品深加工产业链。

The industrial production process of egg yolk polypeptides(EYPs)was studied using skimmed egg yolk powder as raw material.Firstly,the influences of different pretreatment methods on the yield of EYPs were investigated.Then the decolorization process was optimized based on the peptide recovery rate and decolorization rate.The main parameters were the amount of addition,the decolorization time,pH and temperature.Finally,the amino acid composition,peptide distribution,moisture and ash content of the EYPs product were analyzed.The results were as follow:the pretreatment method of crushing skimmed egg yolk powder could significantly increase the yield of EYPs to 72.6%.10 g/L of No.7 activated carbon at pH 4.3 and 50℃for 30 min had the best decolorization effect,which reached 72.34%and the peptide recovery rate was 84.76%.The EYPs product prepared by this process has a balanced amino acid composition and a peptide molecular weight suitable for human body absorption.It can effectively increase the added value of low-value skimmed egg yolk powder and broaden the egg deep processing industry line.