英汉双关辞格标记建构对比及习得研究:原型-模型认知视角

Contrastive and acquisitional research on mark construction between English puns and Chinese shuangguan:From the cognitive perspective of prototype-model

双关辞格利用人们熟知的语言同音或多义背景,对其再加工并使其产生变异,从而达到"言在表而意在内"的特殊效果。变异部分代表新信息,引发读者花精力再处理,呈显著性,带标记;背景化部分属旧信息,是读者理解双关的语言基础,具常规性,无标记。本文基于原型—模型认知视角,探寻英汉双关辞格标记建构及其习得规律。研究发现:1)英汉双关主要借由词语多义性和同音或近音条件完成,但也有一句或几句话关涉两个不同对象的双关构式,由此构成谐音双关和语义双关。有时也采用语法和语境手段,构成语法双关和语境双关;2)英语言者在构建双关时多用铰链的多义性,汉语言者则更喜欢利用铰链的修辞性,英语言者比汉语言者更擅长借助铰链的不同语法关系来制造双关;3)英语言者趋向借助两个显性铰链的语音相似共同传递双关意义,汉语言者则更多使用一个显性铰链和另一个想象中的隐性铰链的语音相似来制造双关。这些异同性均由英汉语固有的原型—模型二元对立矛盾关系使然。

Using the homophonic or polysemous background of language,the pun reprocesses language by making it mutate,thus achieving the special effect of aiming at a pigeon and shooting at a crow.The variation part representing the new information and causing the reader to spend energy reprocessing is significant and marked,and the background part belonging to the old information is the linguistic basis for the reader to understand the pun,which is conventional and unmarked.This paper thus aims at exploring the respective marker construction characteristics of English puns and Chinese shuangguan on top of the related acquisition from the cognitive perspective of prototype-model.It is found that:1)Both English puns and Chinese shuangguan are mainly accomplished by the polysynthesism and homonym conditions of words,but there is also one sentence or a few sentences related to the pun configuration of two different objects,thereby forming a harmonic pun and semantic pun.Sometimes grammar and contextual means are also used to form grammatical puns and contextual puns;2)English speakers in the process of building puns chiefly use the polysynthesism of hinges,and Chinese speakers intend to use the rhetoric of hinges,the former better than the latter with different grammatical relationships of hinges to create puns;and 3)English speakers like to use the voice similarity of two explicit hinges to pass the pun meaning together,while the Chinese speakers use the voice similarity of one explicit hinge and another imaginary hidden hinge to create puns.These similarities and differences are caused by the contradictory relationship between the prototype-model binary opposition inherent in English and Chinese.