湖南秋作马铃薯新品种比较试验

Comparison Test of Different Autumn Potato Varieties in Hunan

为了筛选出适合湖南秋作高温干旱天气条件的马铃薯品种,以费乌瑞它为对照,对7个马铃薯品种在秋作持续高温干旱条件下的农艺性状、产量、块茎品质和储藏性能等进行了综合比较分析。结果表明,参试品种对高温干旱天气的适应性差异主要由种薯耐高温干旱的差异性决定。7个参试品种平均出苗率74.72%,高于对照55.72%,出苗率超过90.00%的品种有华薯13号、华薯5号和华薯2号。受持续高温干旱天气影响,2019年湖南秋作马铃薯病毒病发生严重,其中华薯5号和华薯2号早疫病、晚疫病抗性强,产量稳定,华薯5号产量达32786.85 kg/hm^(2);10CH24和华薯1号种薯高温干旱耐受性较强,植株早疫病、晚疫病抗性强,产量稳定;综合评价机械耐受性强的品种有10CH24、费乌瑞它和华薯5号。其中10CH24薯形整齐,机械损伤后表皮完整、块茎渗透率较低,储藏期间呼吸强度变化小,贮藏品质佳。

In order to select the potato varieties suitable for the high temperature and dry weather conditions of autumn crops in Hunan,using Fovorita as a control,a comprehensive comparative analysis was carried out on the agronomic traits,yield,tuber quality and storage performance of 7 potato varieties under the continuous high temperature and drought conditions in autumn crops.The results showed that the difference in adaptability of the tested varieties to high temperature and dry weather was mainly determined by the difference of seed potato tolerant to high temperature and drought.The average emergence rate of the 7 tested varieties was 74.72%,which was higher than the control 55.72%,and the emergence rates of Huashu 13,Huashu 5 and Huashu 2 exceeded 90.00%.Affected by the continuous high temperature and drought weather,the potato virus disease in Hunan’s autumn crops in 2019 was serious.Huashu 5 and Huashu 2 were resistant to early blight and late blight,and the yield was stable.The yield of Huashu 5 was 32786.85 kg/hm^(2);10 CH24 and Huashu 1 seed tubers were highly resistant to high temperature and drought,plants were resistant to early blight and late blight,and the yield was stable;comprehensively evaluated varieties with strong mechanical tolerance were 10 CH24,Fovorita and Huashu 5.Among them,10 CH24 were neatly shaped,with complete epidermis and low tuber permeability after mechanical injury,small changes in respiratory intensity during storage and good storage quality.