永州农村育龄人群对健康优生认知的调查分析

Investigation and analysis on the cognition of healthy eugenics among the rural people of childbearing age in Yongzhou

目的了解永州市农村育龄人群对健康优生及出生缺陷的认知状况,为有效开展优生宣教和健康优生指导服务提供参考。方法采用问卷调查和入户访谈相结合的方法,从永州市农村地区20~39岁年龄段的育龄人群中随机抽取4810人进行健康优生及出生缺陷认知的调查和分析。结果农村育龄人群对孕前检查、服用叶酸时间、服用叶酸的功效、孕前疾病治疗、忌用药物、避孕后复孕时间控制等优生知识、行为以及致出生缺陷因素的认知普遍较低,总体趋势上呈现出女性的认知好于男性、高学历育龄人群明显优于低学历人群、长居城市务工育龄人群的认知好于在家务农人群(P<0.05)。结论加强对农村育龄人群的优生科普宣教,针对不同性别、年龄、学历、职业育龄人群的认知差异和认知缺陷,进行选择性的健康优生指导,以提高我国人口出生素质,防范出生缺陷。

Objective To understand the cognition of healthy eugenics and birth defects of the rural childbearing population in Yongzhou,and to provide a reference for the effective conduction of eugenics education and healthy eugenics guidance service.Methods Using the method of questionnaire surveys and household interviews,4810 people from the 20 to 39-year-old rural childbearing population in Yongzhou were randomly selected to investigates and analyzes the cognition of healthy eugenics and birth defects.Results The rural population of childbearing age had generally low awareness of eugenic knowledge and behaviors as well as the factors causing birth defects,such as pre-pregnancy examination,folic acid taking,pre-pregnancy disease treatment,medication avoidance,and the control of the time of re-pregnancy after contraception.The overall trend showed that the cognition of women was better than that of men,the high-education groups of childbearing are were significantly better than low-education groups,and the long-term urban working people of childbearing age were better than the family farming people.Conclusion It is an effective measure ment to improve the birth quality of our population and prevent birth defectsby,strengthen the education of eugenics for people of childbearing age in rural areas,and provide selective health eugenics guidance for the cognitive differences and cognitive deficits of people of different genders,ages,educations,and occupational childbearing ages.