青少年经验回避对孤独感的影响:自尊的中介作用

The Influence of Experiential Avoidance and Self-Esteem on Loneliness in Adolescents

目的探索青少年经验回避与孤独感的关系以及自尊的中介作用。方法采用自编人口特征调查问卷、接纳及行动问卷(AAQ-Ⅱ)、自尊量表(SES)和孤独量表(UCLA),对780名高中生进行问卷调查。采用t检验比较不同人口特征青少年经验回避、自尊和孤独感得分差异,采用Pearson积差相关分析经验回避、自尊和孤独感的相关性,采用AMOS 17.0软件建构结构方程模型,并检验中介效应。结果经验回避在性别上差异具有统计学意义(t=3.59,P<0.001);自尊在是否独生子女、户籍所在地、是否有留守经历上差异有统计学意义(t=2.80,2.61,-4.42;P<0.01);孤独感在是否独生子女以及是否有留守经历上差异有统计学意义(t=-3.48,4.86;P<0.01);经验回避与孤独感呈显著性正相关(r=0.418,P<0.01);经验回避与自尊呈显著性负相关(r=-0.287,P<0.01);自尊与孤独感呈显著性负相关(r=-0.418,P<0.01);自尊在经验回避和孤独感之间起中介作用,中介效应占总效应的27.3%。结论青少年的经验回避可以正向预测孤独感水平,通过家庭和学校教育培养青少年形成良好的自尊水平有利于消除孤独感对心身健康造成的消极影响。

Objective To explore the relationship between adolescent experience avoidance and loneliness and the mediating role of self-esteem.Methods A total of 780 high school students from Guoyang county of Anhui province and Jinhu county of Jiangsu province were investigated by questionnaire.T-test was used to compare the scores of experiential avoidance,self-esteem and loneliness among adolescents with different demographic characteristics.Pearson product-moment correlation was used to analyze the correlation between experiential avoidance,self-esteem and loneliness.Data processing and analysis were conducted by SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 17.0.Results There was a gender significant difference in adolescent's experiential avoidance(t=3.59,P<0.001).There were significant differences in self-esteem between whether the only child or not,rural and urban,teenagers with or without left-behind experience(t=2.80,2.61,-4.42;P<0.01).The differences in loneliness between whether the only child or not,teenagers with or without left-behind experience were statistically significant(t=-3.48,4.86;P<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between experiential avoidance and loneliness(r=0.418,P<0.01).Experiential avoidance was negatively correlated with self-esteem(r=-0.287,P<0.01).Self-esteem was negatively correlated with loneliness(r=-0.418,P<0.01).Self-esteem mediated between experiential avoidance and loneliness,accoun-ting for 27.3%of the total effect.Conclusion Experiential avoidance in adolescents can positively predict loneliness level.Teenagers can develop good self-esteem through family and school education,which is beneficial to resist negative experience such as loneliness caused by experiential avoidance strategy.