软枣猕猴桃表型性状与植物保护系统对海拔的响应

Response of Actinidia arguta phenotypic traits and pliant protection systems to altitude

为探讨海拔对软枣猕猴桃表型性状与植物保护系统的影响,以吉林省八家子林业局先锋林场老爷岭山体3个海拔区段的软枣猕猴桃叶片和果实为试验材料,结合各海拔区段温度数据,综合分析了海拔对软枣猕猴桃叶片和果实形态特征、果实品质指标及植物保护系统反应。结果表明:随着海拔的升高,无霜期缩短,有效积温减少,而且低海拔区段有效积温下降幅度大于高海拔区段。海拔每提升100 m在低海拔区段日最高温下降0.99℃,而高海拔段日最高温下降0.38℃;相反,海拔每提升100 m在低海拔区段日最低温下降0.23℃,而高海拔区段日最低温下降0.37℃。随着海拔的升高,软枣猕猴桃叶片显著增厚、叶柄显著拉长、果实显著变小、果实变短,果实可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量显著下降。随着海拔的升高,植物保护酶系统中的SOD、CAT和PPO活性不断增加,其中,PPO活性在中海拔区段达峰值,在高海拔段又显著下降,而POD和ASO活性则在中高海拔区段显著下降。随海拔的升高MDA含量先上升后下降。综合分析认为,不同植物种类对环境胁迫的反应不同。

In order to explore the influence of altitude on the phenotypic characteristics and plant protection system of Actinidia arguta,the leaves and fruits of Actinidia arguta from three altitude sections of Laoyeling Mountain,Pioneer Forestry Farm of Bajiazi Forestry Bureau of Jilin Province were used as experimental materials,combined with section temperature data for each of different altitude areas,the influence of altitude on the leaf and fruit morphological characteristics,fruit quality indicators and plant protection system response of Actinidia arguta was comprehensively analyzed.The results showed that,with increasing of altitude,the frost-free period shortened,the effective accumulated temperature decreased,in addition,th effective accumulated temperature in the low altitude section descended more than in the high altitude section.Every 100 m of altitude increased,the daily maximum temperature decreased by 0.99℃in the low altitude section,whereas the daily maximum temperature decreases by 0.38℃in the high altitude section.On the contrary,every 100 m of altitude increased,the daily minimum temperature decreased by 0.23℃in the low altitude section,while the daily minimum temperature dropped by 0.37℃in the high altitude section.With the increase in altitude,the leaves of Actinidia arguta significantly thickened,the petioles were significantly elongated,the fruits were significantly smaller,and the fruits became shorter,and the soluble solid content and titratable acid content of the fruit decreased significantly.With the increase in altitude,the protective enzyme activities of SOD,CAT and PPO in plant leaves increased continuely.Among these,PPO activity reached the peak in the middle altitude section,subsquently,significantly decreased in the high altitude section,while POD and ASO activities decreased significantly in the middle and high altitude sections.With the increasing of altitude,the MDA content increased first,then decreased.The results above suggests that different plant species had different responses to environmental stress.