西安及周边地区918例哮喘患者吸入性过敏原分析

Analysis of inhaled allergens in 918 patients with asthma in Xi’an and surrounding areas

目的分析西安市及周边地区支气管哮喘患者常见吸入性过敏原的分布情况。方法采用皮肤过敏原点刺试验(SPT)检测918例来自西安市及周边地区的支气管哮喘患者,共测定14种常见吸入性过敏原。结果1.不同年龄段支气管哮喘患者中,1~10岁、11~20岁、21~30岁这3个年龄段过敏原阳性比例较高,分别为75.0%、55.9%、56.9%;2.屋尘螨是最常见的吸入性过敏原,占28.1%;3.多数患者同时存在2~4种过敏原,分别为27.32%、26.57%、16.29%,总占比为70.18%;4.不同过敏原导致的过敏反应强弱程度不同,屋尘螨最易引起较强的过敏反应,占37.97%。结论30岁以下支气管哮喘患者以过敏性哮喘为主;屋尘螨为常见的吸入性过敏原;多重致敏更常见;屋尘螨最易引起较强的过敏反应。

Objective To analyze the distribution of common inhaled allergens in patients with bronchial asthma in Xi’an and its surrounding areas.Methods Skin prick test(SPT)was used to detect 918 patients with bronchial asthma from Xi’an and its surrounding areas.Results 1.The positive rates of allergens in different age groups were 75.0%,55.9%and 56.9%in the 1~10,11~20 and 21~30 age groups,respectively.2.House dust mite was the most common inhalation allergen,accounting for 28.1%.3.Most patients had 2~4 allergens at the same time,accounting for 27.32%,26.57%and 16.29%,respectively,totally accounting for 70.18%.4.House dust mite was the most likely to cause a strong allergic reaction,accounting for 37.97%.Conclusion Asthmatic patients under 30 years old are mainly allergic asthma.House dust mite is a common inhalation allergen and most likely to cause strong allergic reaction.Besides,multiple sensitization is more common.