赤兔马还是枣骝马?——论《格萨尔》史诗中骏马名号的特点及其汉译问题

Crimson Horse or Maroon Horse?:On the Characteristics of the Horse Names in the Gesar and Their Chinese Translation

《格萨尔》中的骏马名号,主要依据藏族喜好的15种主要颜色与多种体态以及各种动物形态单独或搭配组合而成。各种搭配之间,也遵循着一定的构词法原则。修辞方面,除了运用丰富的骏马专属修饰词外,还使用多种骏马部位专用术语等修辞手法。我们在对《格萨尔》中骏马名号进行汉译时,应深入理解与尊重原文含义,译文既要符合汉语传统骏马命名习惯,更要保持史诗的民族文化特色。

This paper analyzes the cultural connotation,word-building and rhet orical techniques of more than 1000 horse names in more than 70 Gesar epic versions,and tries to summarize some regular characteristics of the traditional Tibetan horse name culture created and accumulated in the past thousand years.The names of the horses in the Gesar are based on the 15 main colors and the physique of the horses and various animal forms preferred by the Tibetans,individually or in combination.Between the various combinations,also follow a certain principle of word-building.Rhetoric,in addition to the cohesion of a variety of horse epithet,but also accumulated a rich horse parts of the special terminology and other rhetorical techniques,and so on.The culture of these excellent traditional horse names deserves to be carried forward.In addition,this paper also tries to give some suggestions about the Chinese translation of horse names,such as understanding and respecting the meaning of the original text,translating the text to match the characteristics of traditional Chinese horses,and avoiding indiscriminate translation.