四川平武白马藏族仪式音乐的文化模式研究

A Study of Baima Tibetan Ritual Music at Pinwu County Sichuan Province from the Perspective of Cultural Patterns

平武白马藏族是居于四川省西北部平武县等地的较为典型的边缘性少数族群。平武白马藏族的文化系统中存在着二元性文化模式,在其仪式音乐中体现得较为明显。通过分析发现,其仪式音乐无论在音乐形态与音乐行为上都呈现出二元对立统一等的关系形态。此外,平武白马藏族的仪式音乐,依据其不同的仪式功能、气氛、目的,在宫—角—徵三音列与羽—宫—(商)—角—徵四、五音列构成的二元音乐形态中,选择不同的音列来构成旋律,以此满足不同的仪式属性与要求。

Pingwu Baima Tibetan is a typical marginal minority group living in the northwest of Sichuan and Pingwu County.In the cultural system of Baima Tibetan in Pingwu County,there exists a dual cultural pattern,which is reflected in their ritual music.Through the analysis,it can be seen that both the music form and the music behavior show the binary opposition and unity of the relationship form.In addition,according to their different ritual functions,atmospheres and purposes,the ritual music of the Baima Tibetan people in Pingwu County is represented in the dualistic musical forms of the triphonic series of Gong(宫),Jiao(角),Zhi(徵)and the four or fivesyllabic series of Yu(羽),Gong(宫),Shang(商),Jiao(角),Zhi(徵),different musical sequences are selected to form the melody to meet different ritual attributes and requirements.